Objective evaluation of abutment tooth preparation for preformed metal crowns for primary molars in Japanese preclinical training

Evaluation of abutment tooth shape for preformed metal crowns for primary teeth in preclinical training depends on the subjective opinion of the instructor providing the training. Thus, the student's grade will likely vary according to teacher grading. In this study, we explored the potential for objective evaluation by comparing evaluations performed by teaching personnel (teacher grading) of abutment teeth for preformed metal crowns for primary teeth prepared by students at a dental school with evaluation by a three-dimensional (3D) laser morphometric system (system grading). The subjects of the evaluations were 139 abutment teeth for preformed metal crowns for primary teeth that had been prepared by fourth-year students at Asahi University School of Dentistry during preclinical pediatric dentistry training. A tooth prepared by a teacher following instruction criteria was used as the reference tooth, and system grade points were calculated from deductions made for insufficient and excessive cutting. Teacher grade points varied among teachers. We found that teachers prioritized contours of the margin, buccal and lingual sides, and adjacent surfaces in their evaluations. System grading showed that most students carried out insufficient cutting. The mean (SD) teacher and system grade points were 57.7 (9.7) and 75.7 (4.7), respectively, and these grade points were positively correlated (r = 0.500). System grading provides a simple 3D visual assessment of insufficient and excessive cutting that can be used for instructing students.     

医疗保险制度对老年群体死亡风险的影响——基于CLHLS的生存分析

目的:探讨医疗保险制度对老年群体死亡风险的影响,为我国医疗保障制度的改革与完善提供参考依据。方法:基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)2011—2014年的追踪数据,以添加脆弱因子的Weibull模型与Gompertz模型进行生存分析,并且分年龄组进行异质性分析。结果:相对于无医保的老人,有医保老人的死亡风险随医保制度的不同而发生不同程度的变化,具体而言,新农合、城镇居民基本医疗保险以及城镇职工基本医疗保险分别降低了约20%、25%以及31%的死亡风险。通过分年龄组进一步分析发现,医疗保险对高龄组老人死亡风险有显著影响,而对低龄组老人的死亡风险的影响不显著。结论:医疗保险制度有助于降低老年群体的死亡风险,但影响程度各异,表现为城镇职工医疗保险最高,城镇居民医疗保险次之,新农合最低。基于此,我国医疗保险制度改革的重点方向在于继续扩大医保覆盖面,并弥合不同医保之间的待遇差异,在统筹城乡居民医疗保险的基础上,进一步推进城镇职工医疗保险与居民医疗保险的整合,最终实现城乡医疗保险制度的一体化发展。     

临床医学专业“5+3”一体化本科全程导师制创新人才培养的实践与探索

以培养创新型人才为目标，大连医科大学制定实施了“5+3”创新人才培养改革方案，以导师制培养为载体，在医学本科教育全过程中，制定分阶段创新能力培养体系，涵盖课程、讲座、实验设计、论文等基本科研能力训练，强化本科生科研能力培养。通过对首届“5+3”学生阶段性培养成果的统计学分析发现，“5+3”学生发表中文期刊、SCI，主持国家级创新项目、省级创新项目的比例均显著高于普通5年制学生，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。虽然实施过程中存在一些问题和不足，但以导师制为核心的科研基础训练对提高学生科研思维和创新能力效果显著，对培养医学创新型人才具有可实施性。     

基于薄荷油为油相的红花提取物自微乳凝胶递送系统制备研究

目的制备以薄荷油(Menthaha plocalyx oil,MPO)为油相的红花提取物(Carthamus tinctorius extract,CTE)自微乳凝胶递送系统(CTE-SMEDDS-BGs)。方法以MPO为油相,CTE为水相,采用伪三元相图法优选载药自微乳处方,采用单因素法筛选凝胶工艺与处方,并对其外观性状、黏度和pH值进行评价。结果所得CTE-SMEDDS-BGs最佳处方工艺:F68为乳化剂,无水乙醇为助乳化剂,乳化剂与助乳化剂比例(Km)为1∶1,乳化剂和助乳化剂总量(TS)与MPO的比例为8∶2,卡波姆2%,甘油6%,CTE5m L。处方量自微乳加入溶胀后的凝胶基质,三乙胺调节pH值至6.0即得CTE-SMEDDS-BGs;其外观为黄色半透明、黏稠度适中、均匀细腻、不油腻,易涂展的胶状凝胶,黏度为4.98×10~4m Pa·s(RSD为1.53%),pH为6.04(RSD为0.44%)。结论制得的薄荷油为油相的CTE-SMEDDS-BGs,制备简便,方法稳定,符合凝胶局部外用制剂要求。     

肝代谢异常人群基于系统营养联合节律运动的干预效果研究

目的探讨采取系统营养联合节律运动对肝代谢异常人群干预效果的研究。方法选取56名肝代谢异常人群的受试者,每天按时进行系统营养和节律运动联合干预3个月,采用肝脏瞬时弹性成像技术(FibroScan)、生物电全身健康扫描系统(DDFAO)技术,对比干预前后肝脏脂肪衰减度、肝脏硬度以及肝脏区域的生物活性值。结果相比干预前,干预后受试者肝脏脂肪衰减度、肝脏硬度、肝糖原活性值显著降低(P<0.05),肝左叶及胆管区域活性值、肝右叶区域活性值均显著升高(P<0.05)。结论系统营养联合节律运动可显著降低受试者肝代谢异常的风险,对预防肝代谢异常和促进肝脏功能恢复有重要作用。     

基于德尔菲法构建我国临床药师知识体系标准

目的：建立临床药师知识体系标准，为临床药师的培养和评估提供依据。方法：通过文献查阅，梳理出若干一级指标和二级指标；依据按Likert5级评分法设计咨询问卷；运用德尔菲法对35名专家进行两轮问卷咨询。结果：建立了包含5个一级指标，33个二级指标的临床药师知识体系标准。两轮咨询中，专家咨询积极系数分别为100%和92.9%，专家权威系数分别为0.904 3和0.907 7，专家协调系数分别为0.268和0.565。结论：专业核心知识是临床药师最应具备的知识，是临床药师培养的重中之重；临床药师的知识结构要由"以化学知识为主"转变为"以医学知识为主"；临床药师自身需要注重知识的再生，并树立终身学习的理念。本研究专家积极性和权威程度高，意见协调程度好，建立的知识体系标准能够对临床药师的培养与评估提供依据。     

Length change pattern of the ankle deltoid ligament during physiological ankle motion

BackgroundLength change pattern of the ankle deltoid ligament during physiological ankle motion is still confused currently and had not been studied in vivo.MethodsThe deltoid ligaments from 7 cadaveric specimens were dissected. Lengths of each band during 30° plantarflexion to 20° dorsiflexion were measured. A dual fluoroscopy imaging system was utilized to capture the images of hindfoot joint of 7 healthy subjects during the stance phase of walking. 3D bone models were reconstructed from CT images. Lengths of each band were calculated after model-image registration utilizing a solid modeling software. Percentage of length variation and poses when the bands were in maximum extension were documented among each band.ResultsThe anterior border of tibiocalcaneal ligament (TCL) had only 1.7% length variation in vitro and 5.7% length variation in vivo. The tibionavicular ligament, tibiospring ligament, and deep anterior tibiotalar ligament were in maximum extension at 30° plantarflexion, however, superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament, deep posterior tibiotalar ligament, and the posterior border of TCL were in maximum extension at 20° dorsiflexion. The tibionavicular ligament, tibiospring ligament, and deep anterior tibiotalar ligament were in maximum extension during foot flat. The TCL was in maximum extension during midstance. The superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament and deep posterior tibiotalar ligament were in maximum extension during heel off and toe off.ConclusionThe length of TCL did not change during ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The bands anterior to and posterior to the TCL showed different length change pattern during physiological ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.     

门诊分诊叫号系统构建

以江苏省人民医院为例，介绍医院门诊分诊叫号系统设计。从软硬件实现两方面阐述系统整体架构、具体功能和应用实践，指出该系统有助于改善门诊就医环境、减轻医护人员工作压力、提升患者满意度。